Collection: Sexual disorders

What Are Sexual Disorders?

Sexual disorders (also called sexual dysfunctions) are persistent problems that affect sexual desire, arousal, orgasm or sexual comfort and make sexual activity difficult or unsatisfying. These issues can affect people of any gender and age, and they may occur occasionally or become ongoing. Sexual disorders can influence self-esteem, relationships and overall well-being. Because sexual function is linked to physical health, hormones, mental state and relationship factors, it is often helpful to view these concerns as medical and lifestyle issues that can be assessed and treated.

Common Types of Sexual Disorders

Sexual disorders can involve different aspects of sexual function. Common examples include low libido (reduced sexual desire), arousal disorders (difficulty becoming or staying aroused), erectile dysfunction in men, vaginal dryness or pain with intercourse in women, orgasm disorders (delayed, absent or less satisfying orgasm) and sexual pain disorders. Some people may also experience performance anxiety, reduced sensitivity or difficulties related to certain life stages such as postpartum changes or menopause. Symptoms can vary in intensity and may be influenced by stress, fatigue, health conditions or medication use.

Possible Causes and Risk Factors

Sexual disorders may be caused by physical factors, psychological factors or a combination of both. Physical causes can include cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hormonal imbalances (such as low testosterone or thyroid disorders), neurological problems, chronic pain, pelvic floor issues and side effects from certain medications (for example antidepressants, blood pressure medicines or hormonal therapies). Psychological and relationship factors may include stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, body image concerns, relationship conflict or poor communication. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, heavy alcohol use, lack of sleep and low physical activity can also play a role.

Assessment and Evidence-Based Treatment

Because the causes can differ, assessment usually starts with a conversation with a healthcare professional, who may review symptoms, medical history, medications and lifestyle factors. Depending on the situation, blood tests (for hormones, glucose or cholesterol), cardiovascular evaluation or pelvic/urological assessment may be recommended. Treatment may include addressing underlying health issues, adjusting medications, psychological counseling or sex therapy, and targeted medical treatment (such as prescription medicines for erectile dysfunction, hormonal treatment when clinically indicated, or therapies for vaginal dryness). Many people benefit from a combined approach that includes both medical care and relationship or mental-health support.

Daily Support and Lifestyle Factors

Healthy daily habits can support sexual function and overall vitality. Regular exercise, balanced nutrition, maintaining a healthy weight and getting enough sleep support circulation, hormone balance and mood. Stress management, reducing smoking and limiting alcohol may also help. Open communication with a partner, taking time for intimacy without pressure and addressing relationship stress can be important. Some wellness supplements are marketed for sexual health, but they should not replace medical evaluation, and users should be cautious about unverified products or unsafe ingredient combinations.

Safety and When to Seek Help

Seek medical advice if sexual problems are persistent, worsening, causing distress, or appear suddenly without a clear reason. Urgent care is needed for severe pelvic pain, signs of infection, or symptoms like chest pain or fainting during sexual activity. It is also important to consult a doctor before using prescription medicines or potent supplements for sexual function, especially if you have cardiovascular disease or take medications that may interact. Professional support can be highly effective, and many sexual disorders are treatable with the right approach.